《花马池城图》:晚清西北地方士人的心态和选择

The City Map of Hua Ma Chi: the Mentality and Choice of the Local Scholars in Northwest China during the Late Qing Dynasty

《花马池城图》的思想史料价值在于它的绘制内容得以体现一直被学界较为忽视的晚清地方士人群体的心态研究。清末西北一隅,在特殊的历史境遇和自然恶劣的生存条件下,此图体现出地方士人是如何借用自己的身份和能力自觉地去关怀普通民众的生活诉求,如何在官方与民间话语的互动中起到缓和与沟通的作用。地方士人将花马池城民众这样一段不为人知、容易湮灭在官方记载中的生活图景,以文字注释的方式描述出来,并安排在整幅城图中最显眼的位置,使这样一段反映地方士人和普通民众的生存困境永远地保留在了地方志书中。《花马池城图》最终实现了"目中有人"的思想价值,其绘制中所面临的困境和选择,既是一段历史中的偶然,亦是亘古历史中的必然。

The value of historical materials of ideology of the City Map of Hua Ma Chi is that its rendering content can be reflected in the research of the mentality of the local scholars who have been ignored by the academic circles on the period of late Qing. Under the special historical circumstances and harsh natural conditions,the map showed how the local scholars could use their own identity and ability to care for the bottom people＇s life demands consciously,and how could the interaction between official and civil discourse play a role in moderating and communicating. The survival crisis of the underclass in official record was easy to vanish,so the local scholars chose to interpret images with words and arranged the interpretation in the most prominent position in the map. Therefore,an interpretation with map that mirrored the plight of the local scholars and those at the bottom were remained in local chronicles forever. The survival dilemma and choice confronted with the local scholars in the mapping are both accidental and inevitable in the history.