“嘇”类语气词及其演变

“Shan”mood words and its evolution

"嘇"类语气词分布于汉语的不同方言中,这类语气词来源相近且语音近似,在语句中具有表达提顿、虚拟或祈使的功能。内部语法化方向和程度的不一致,导致部分"嘇"类语气词能表提顿。有些"嘇"类语气词不能同时表达虚拟和祈使语气,这是因为起源的差异。"嘇"类语气词的产生和"时"的语法化有关,表提顿和假设的语气词由"时"虚化而来,表祈使的语气词有共同来源,多为"些"的音变形式或转写形式。

“Shan”mood words distribute in Chinese dialects,they are similar in origin and have same speech.They have the function of expressing pause,virtual or imperative mood in the sentence.Some“Shan”mood words does not indicate a pause, because the direction and degree of internal grammaticalization are different.Some “Shan”mood words cannot express the virtual and the imperative mood at the same time because of the difference of origin.Its emergence is related to the grammaticalization of“tense”,the mood words that indicate pause and hypothetical are made by the grammaticalization of“tense”.There is a common source of the mood words for the imperative,most of them are phonetic or transfer form of“xie”.