“应该”与“该”的语义及用法比较

The Comparison of the Meanings and Uses of “Yinggai(应该)” and “Gai(该)” in Mandarin Chinese

助动词"应该"跟"该"的语义及用法似是而非。首先,当表达道义情态时,"该"可以以内嵌的形式出现,"应该"则不可以;"应该"可以跟虚化的"说"搭配,形成"应该说"的固定用法,"该"则不可以。另外,当表达认识情态时,"应该"可以跟有时体标记的宾语搭配,"该"则不可以;"该"可以出现在反问句和感叹句中,"应该"则不可以。文章最后指出,两个助动词的主观性强弱决定了用法和功能上的差异。

The meanings and uses of the auxiliary verbs Yinggai（应该）and Gai（该）are specious. First,when expressing deontic modality,Gai（该）can appear inline, Yinggai（应该）cannot; Yinggai（应该）can be combined with the Shuo（说）of grammaticalization to form a fixed usage of“Yinggai（应该）＋ Shuo（说）”,but Gai（该）cannot.In addition,when expressing epistemic modality, Yinggai（应该）can be combined with verbal objects of tense-aspect marker,but Gai（该）cannot.Gai（该）can appear in rhetorical questions and exclamation sentences,but Yinggai（应该）cannot.Finally,the subjectivity of the two auxiliary verbs determines the differences in usage and functionality.