长沙市城乡居民传染病预防健康素养影响因素研究

Survey of the factors affecting health literacy on infectious disease prevention in urban and rural population in Changsha city

目的评估长沙市城乡居民传染病预防健康素养现状及影响因素,为进一步开展行为干预和政府决策提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法对长沙市雨花区、长沙县15～69岁常住居民进行抽样,使用《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行问卷调查,利用Logistic回归分析传染病预防健康素养的影响因素。结果本次共调查居民1 898名,回收有效问卷1 816份,调查对象健康素养的具备率为18.78%,传染病预防健康素养具备率20.37%。Logistic回归分析显示居住地、职业、年龄和自评健康状况是传染病预防健康素养的影响因素。表现为城市高于农村(OR=4.367,95%CI:2.913～6.549),34～44年龄组高于55～69岁年龄组(OR=1.849,95%CI:1.235～2.767),医务人员、工人、其他企业人员和其他未分类人员比农民具备更高的传染病预防健康素养(OR分别为1.78、1.77、1.98、1.82),自评健康状况为好的组低于自评健康状况很好的组(OR=0.598,95%CI:0.447～0.799)。结论长沙市居民健康素养高于全国平均水平,城乡差异较为明显。应重点关注农村地区,加大对其公共卫生、疾病防控的投入,提升农村居民传染病防控能力。同时开展社会诊断,获取公众对于传染病防治的需求,提供更加丰富和针对性的健康教育服务。

Objective To investigate the current status of health literacy on infectious disease prevention and the factors affecting the capacity of health literacy in urban and rural population in Changsha city for evidence to officially plan measures and decisions in following health education. Methods By multi-stage stratified random sampling method,we conducted a survey on the permanent urban and rural residents（ aged 15 to 69 years） Changsha city using the questionnaire for Health Literacy Survey for Chinese Citizens. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the healthy literacy in infectious disease prevention. Results A total of 1 898 subjects underwent the survey,and 1 816 valid copies were retrieved. The results showed that 18. 78% of the subjects had basic health literacy,and 20. 37% possessed health literacy on infectious disease prevention. Logistic regression analysis indicated that place of residence,age,occupation and perceived health status were the factors affecting the capacity of healthy literacy on infectious disease prevention. Higher level of healthy literacy on infectious disease prevention was observed in urban population（ OR = 4. 367,95% CI： 2. 913-6. 549）,subjects aged from 34 to 44 years（ OR = 1. 849,95% CI： 1. 235-2. 767） and medical staff,workers,employees in other business and unclassified employees compared to the farmers（ OR = 1. 78; 1. 77; 1. 98; 1. 82,respectively）. Individuals of perceived good health status had lower healthy literacy on infectious disease prevention than those of perceived excellent health status（ OR = 0. 598,95% CI： 0.447-0. 799）. Conclusion The healthy literacy on infectious disease prevention in urban and rural population in Changsha city is generally over national average level. However,the difference remains significant in population between urban and rural areas. The findings suggest that attention should be paid to the rural residents in improvement of their health literacy through officially weighed public health support in infectious disease prevention and control. In addition,improving the health literacy in the rural population should also include social diagnosis,learning of the public demand as well as diversified and targeted health education services.