头孢菌素类抗生素的不良反应与预防分析

Analysis of adverse reactions and prevention of cephalosporins

目的探讨头孢菌素类抗生素的不良反应发生情况与预防措施。方法 110例行头孢菌素类抗生素治疗的患者,按不良反应发生情况不同分为观察组与对照组,每组55例。治疗时观察组出现不良反应,对照组未出现不良反应,探讨头孢菌素类抗生素的不良反应高危因素,并分析观察组不良反应类型。结果观察组患者药后饮酒(21.82%)、过敏体制(25.45%)和过敏史(27.27%)比重均高于对照组(3.64%、5.45%、7.27%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中过敏患者19例(34.55%),其中主要症状为皮疹和发热;消化道不良反应17例(30.91%),主要症状为腹泻;泌尿系统不良反应14例(25.45%);心血管系统不良反应5例(9.09%)。结论头孢菌素类抗生素在使用过程中容易出现不良反应,严重影响临床用药安全,医护人员必须充分了解药物禁忌证,切实提高用药安全。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of adverse reactions and preventive measures of cephalosporins. Methods A total of 100 patients treated with cephalosporins were divided by occurrence of adverse reactions into observation group and control group, with 55 cases in each group. Adverse reactions occurred in the observation group during treatment, and no adverse reactions occurred in the control group. To investigate the risk of adverse reactions of cephalosporins, and analyze the type of adverse reactions in the observation group. Results The observation group had higher proportion of drinking after drug（21.82%）, allergic constitution（25.45%） and allergic history（27.27%） than the control group（3.64%, 5.45% and 7.27%）, and their difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The observation group had 19 allergic cases（34.55%）, with main symptoms as rash and fever, 17 gastrointestinal adverse reactions cases（30.91%）, with main symptoms as diarrhea, 14 urinary system adverse reactions cases（25.45%） and5 cardiovascular adverse reactions cases（9.09%）. Conclusion Cephalosporins are prone to adverse reactions during treatment, which will seriously affect the safety of clinical drug use. The medical staff must fully understand the drug contraindications, so as to effectively improve the drug safety.