猕猴桃青霉病病原菌鉴定及中草药提取物对其抑菌效果

Identification of the pathogen causing fruit penicilliosis on kiwifruit and the inhibition effect of Chinese herb extracts on the pathogen

为了解决猕猴桃真菌病害导致的贮运难题,作者从湖南、陕西两个猕猴桃主产区采集的病果中分离获得青霉菌株Q-1,应用rDNA-ITS分子标记、BLASTn比对,结合传统真菌形态学鉴定,确定该致病菌为草酸青霉Pencillium oxalicum。利用带药培养基法筛选出对侵染猕猴桃的青霉菌有最佳抑制作用的中草药提取物,猕猴桃果实采后刺伤接种Q-1,研究中草药提取物对果实病斑直径的影响。结果表明:川芎、肉桂、高良姜的乙醇提取物对青霉均有较好的抑制效果,菌丝生长相对抑制率分别达到92.79%、77.67%、78.49%,其中以川芎的抑菌效果最佳。猕猴桃果实在贮藏期接种Q-1菌株后,中草药提取物处理可显著抑制果实病斑扩大。

The aim of this study is to solve the difficulties of fungal diseases in postharvest storage and transit of kiwifruit.The pathogen of kiwi penicilliosis was isolated from the diseased kiwifruit collected from main production areas of Hunan and Shaanxi provinces and was named Q-1.Based on rDNA-ITS sequence analysis,BLASTn alignment and traditional morphological identification,the pathogen was identified as Pencillium oxalicum.The Chinese herb extracts with the best inhibiting effects to Pencillium oxalicum were screened by drug-containing PDA plates,and their effects on controlling disease of kiwifruit inoculated with P.oxalicum were also investigated.The results showed that ethanol extracts of rhizoma ligusticum wallichii,cinnamon and galangal all had good inhibiting effects on P.oxalicum,with the inhibition ratio of 92.79%,77.67%,and 78.49% on mycelial growth,respectively,among which extract of rhizoma ligustici wallichii had the best antifungal activity.During kiwifruit storage,Chinese herb extracts treatment significantly decreased the lesion diameter of kiwifruit inoculated with P.oxalicum.