不同湿地类型草本植物群落空间分布及环境解释

Spatial Distribution of Herbaceous Plant Communities and Environmental Interpretation in Different Wetland Types

选取坝上闪电河国家湿地公园内人工湿地(水库)、沼泽湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地等4类典型湿地,运用冗余分析(RDA)的方法,分析了不同湿地类型间草本植物群落空间分布及其土壤环境影响因素。结果表明:4类湿地草本植物种类差异较大,随着湿地类型的变化,从上游到下游植物群落表现出由羊草-异穗苔草群落、异穗苔草-无脉苔草群落、无脉苔草-羊草群落到无脉苔草-鹅绒委陵菜群落的明显转变;人工湿地的p H值比其他3类湿地更趋于中性,而氮、磷、钾等养分质量分数则表现为沼泽湿地和湖泊湿地大于人工湿地和河流湿地;RDA排序表明,所选8类土壤因子中,影响湿地草本植物群落结构变化的主要因素是土壤中速效钾、全氮和碱解氮的质量分数。

We selected the artificial wetland（ reservoir）,swamp wetland,river wetland and lake wetland in Shandianhe National Wetland Park to study the spatial distribution of herbaceous plant communities and their soil environmental factors in different wetland types by Redundancy Analysis（ RDA）. There was significant difference between the four kinds of wetland herbaceous species,and with the change of wetland types,from the upstream to the downstream plant community there was obvious change from Leymus chinensis（ Trin.） Tzvel.-Carex heterolepis Bunge,Carex heterolepis Bunge-Carex enervis C. A.Mey.,Carex enervis C. A. Mey.-Leymus chinensis（ Trin.） Tzvel. To Carex enervis C. A. Mey.-Potentilla anserina L.. The p H value of artificial wetland was more neutral than that of other three kinds of wetlands,while the nutrient contents of N,P and K were basically greater in the swamp wetland and lake wetland than that in the artificial wetland and river wetland.The RDA ordination showed that the main factors affecting the structural change of wetland herbaceous plant community in the selected eight types of soil factors were the contents of soil available K,total N and available N.