木质纤维素生物质精炼的研究进展

Advances in lignocellulosic biorefinery

化石资源的枯竭和环境等方面的问题促使人们寻找石油资源的替代品以获得人类赖以生存和发展的原料、能源和化学品。生物质是有可能成为化石资源替代品的绿色和可持续资源之一。论文对获得能源、化学品和材料的木质纤维素生物质精炼技术的研究进展进行了综述。在介绍生物质精炼的概念及分类的基础上,对木质纤维素生物质精炼的主要环节,如木质纤维素原料的顽抗性、破解顽抗性的预处理技术、糖化水解、发酵生产乙醇、制备系列化学品和材料的研究进展进行了讨论,并提出了木质纤维素生物质精炼面临的机遇和挑战。

The limited deposits of fossil fuels coupled with the environmental problems have prompted mankind to look for sustainable resources as alternatives to meet the demand of energy,materials and chemicals.Biomass is one of the green and sustainable resources which has the potential to replace the fossil resource.The advances on lignocellulosic biorefinery technologies to produce energy,chemicals and materials were reviewed.The concept and classification of biorefinery were first introduced.Then,the key biorefinery processes,such as recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass,pretreatment technologies to overcome the recalcitrance,saccharification of the treated biomass,ethanol production by sugar fermentation,serial chemicals and materials preparations were reviewed.The opportunity and challenge which the lignocellulosic biorefinery meets were lastly proposed.