数字人文:概念、历史、现状及其在文学研究中的应用

Digital Humanities:Concept,History,Status in Quo and Its Application in Literary Studies

"数字人文"概念具有包容性与演进性的基本特点。"数字"技术与"人文"学科的张力性结合使对"数字人文"概念的理解呈现出多样化与模糊化特征。从概念构建、发展状况、应用情况三个维度对"数字人文"进行阐释探析,可以推动"数字人文"的本土化应用:(一)数字人文是将新兴技术方法运用到传统人文学科研究中的新型学科,是"数字"与"人文"的双向联动。"数字人文"的产生使新技术发展与人文学科研究范式相互作用,相互促进。(二)数字人文学科已发展至成熟阶段,在欧美各高校学科建制中得以体现。(三)以"数字文学研究"为例,文学计算可推动文学理论研究,主要表现为更新研究手段,组建语料库,提高研究效率,彰显人文学科价值。虽近年来已有数个数字文学研究项目在我国成功开展,但我国数字人文研究仍处于起步阶段。在高校中创立数字人文专业与专门研究机构,加大对数字人文研究的资助力度是我国发展数字人文的可行之道。

"Digital humanities"(DH) is defined as inclusive and progressive. The tension within the juxtaposition of"digital"and"humanities"engenders diversity and ambiguity in the conception of DH. The interpretation of DH in the three dimensions of concept establishment,development and application may help to promote the localized application of DH. First,DH is an emerging discipline where the newly-developed digital technology has been applied in the study of humanities. It is the interaction between"digital"and "humanities"that enables the application of digital technology and the research paradigm of humanities to influence and contribute to each other. Second,the development of DH has reached an advanced stage,which can be proved by the role it plays in the discipline construction of western universities. Thirdly,to take digital literary studies as an example,literary computing assists the research of literary theories by renewing its research method,building up text corpus,increasing research efficiency and revealing the value of humanity study. Although several projects of digital literary studies have been successfully launched,the research of DH in China is still at an early stage. The establishment of DH Program in universities and colleges and a stronger investment in relevant research are feasible solutions for the future development of Chinese DH.