自适应风速垂直轴风力机的阻升转换特性

Drag-lift conversion characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine with adapting wind speed

为了研究自适应风速垂直轴风力机(VAWT-SWS)运行模式的变化规律,设计制作了含有活动和固定叶片的直叶片垂直轴风力机,同时制作出与活动叶片和固定叶片贴合后形状相同的直叶片垂直轴风力机.搭建出风洞试验台,在固定风速和风力机高度条件下,通过增减支撑臂的数量和长度,研究了风力机的叶片数和直径对自适应风速垂直轴风力机阻力和升力运行模式转换的影响.借助于风洞试验获得风力机转矩随尖速比的变化曲线,并与相同参数的直叶片纯升力垂直轴风力机进行了比较,以转矩的接近程度作为判据,判定了自适应风速垂直轴风力机所处的工作模式.试验结果表明:在一定条件下,自适应风速垂直轴风力机可以进行工作模式的自动转换,增加叶片数可使风力机阻升转换所需尖速比降低,而增大风力机直径可使阻升转换所需尖速比提高.研究结果可以为自适应风速垂直轴风力机的设计提供理论指导.

In order to study change rules of VAWT-SWS operating mode,a vertical blade wind turbine with movable and fixed blades was designed and fabricated. At the same time,a straight blade vertical axis wind turbine with the same shape as the movable-fixed blade was produced. Under the condition of fixed wind speed and wind turbine height,influences of the number of blades and diameter of wind turbine on the drag-lift operation mode of self-adaptive wind speed vertical wind turbine were studied by increasing the number and length of the support arm. By means of wind tunnel experiment,the variation of torque of wind turbine with speed ratio was obtained,and compared with the vertical wind turbine with the same parameters. The working mode of the adaptive wind speed vertical axis wind turbine was determined by the proximity of the torque as the criterion. The results show that un-der certain conditions,the adaptive wind speed vertical axis wind turbine can automatically convert the working mode,which can reduce the required speed ratio for wind turbine resistance conversion by increasing the number of blades,and increases the required speed ratio by increasing the diameter of the wind turbine. The results can provide theoretical guidance for the design of adaptive wind speed vertical axis wind turbine.