改革开放以来我国居民收入分配变化趋势及其成因分析

The Trend of Resident Income Distribution Since the Reform and Opening up and Its Contributing Factors

改革开放以来,我国取得40年持续高速增长的经济奇迹,人民生活水平极大提高,城乡居民收入水平总体上得到很大提高。与此同时,收入分配差距过大问题也日益严重,基尼系数已连续20多年大大超过国际公认的0.4警戒线。市场化改革的推进是导致收入差距不断拉大的主要原因;所有制结构的变化是导致收入差距拉大的直接原因;资本利得与劳动收入的失衡是导致收入差距不断拉大的结构性原因;行业垄断、行政垄断是导致收入差距扩大的隐性原因。我国经济发展已经进入新时代,收入分配不均已成为我们亟待解决的问题。我们要想逐渐缩小收入差距,最终实现共同富裕,就必须提高劳动报酬率,多渠道增加劳动者收入;加快推进财产税制度改革,不断完善个人所得税制度;优化财政支出结构,完善社会保障体制;继续壮大国有经济,激活集体所有制经济活力。

We have achieved a miracle of continual distribution has been tremendously boosted. Meanwhile, the gap of income distribution has been widened as China's Gini coefficient has been above thealerting line of 0.4, commonly recognized by the international society, for more than 20 years. The implementation of market economy reform is the majorfactor directly contributing to the widening gap of income distribution; the imbalance between capital gains and labor income is the structural reason thatleads to the widening of the income gap; industrial and administrative monopoly are the implicit reasons that result in the expansion of income gap. China'seconomic development has entered a new age while the problem of unequal income distribution became a burning issue for us to work out. To graduallynarrow down the gap of income distribution and bring about the ultimate goal of common wealth, we should improve the payment of labor, increase workers' income through multiple channels, further the reform of property tax institution, and continually improve individual income tax. We should also improve thestructure of fiscal expenditure and social insurance, carry forward the expansion of state-owned economy, and invigorate collective ownership economy.