方后注服药食忌研究

Research on Prescription Notes of Contraindication Between Medicinals and Food

目的探讨中医方剂方后注服药食忌的规律。方法收集和整理古代方书文献中有关方后注服药食忌的记载,采用关联规则等方法分析药物、病证与禁忌食物的关系。结果经整理从39部方书文献中获得包含方后注服药食忌的方剂共有2587首;方后注服药食忌中,支持度较高的禁忌食物为猪肉、生葱、菘菜等,且与其他药物或食物的关联较为紧密。支持度最高的禁忌食物组合为海藻-菘菜,支持度最高的药物与禁忌食物组合为甘草-海藻。主治病证中,风疾最为常见,常忌猪肉、生冷、海藻等;咳喘常忌海藻、菘菜、生葱等;疟疾常忌食生葱、生菜、热食等;痢疾常忌油腻、生冷、热食等;消渴忌猪肉、芜荑、海藻等;水肿常忌咸味、生冷、醋等。结论服药食忌是方后注中的重要内容,药食禁忌与病证禁忌常同时存在,与中药七情理论关系密切。研究和掌握中医服药食忌理论将为中医处方规范化提供客观依据,为保证中医临床疗效提供有益的支持。

Objective To explore the regularity of food and medicine contraindication in the ancient Chinese prescription literatures. Methods The prescriptions relevant to food contraindication in ancient prescription literatures were collected and organized to analyze the relations between drugs,diseases and food contraindication by using the methods of association rules. Results 2587 prescriptions containing food and medicine contraindication after administration of herbal decoction from 39 ancient prescription literatures were collected. The higher frequency food prohibited included pork,green onion,cabbage etc.,which also had close relations with other food and medicinals.The highest frequency prohibited food pair was sargassum-cabbage,while the highest frequency food-medicinal pair was Gancao（ glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome）-sargassum. Wind disease is the most common disease syndrome,which normally contraindicated pork,raw or cold food,seaweed,etc. Cough and asthma was contraindicated seaweed,sargassum,green onion,etc. Malaria was contraindicated greed onion,cabbage,hot food,etc. Dysentery was usually contraindicated greasy,raw and cold,hot food,etc. Consumptive thirst syndrome was contraindicated pork,Wuyi（ fructus ulmi）,seaweed,etc. Edema was contraindicated salty,raw and cold food,vinegar,etc. Conclusion Food and medicine contraindication is an important content of the prescription notes. Medicinal-food and medicinalsyndrome contraindication are co-existing,which has a close relationship with seven emotions of Chinese herbs.Research and master of food and Chinese herb contraindication theory would provide objective basis for the prescription normalization and valuable support for ensuring clinical effects of traditional Chinese medicine.