生物有机肥对黄土高原沟壑区胡麻籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of bio-organic manures on grain yield and water use efficiency of oil flax in loess plateau

旨为黄土高原沟壑区胡麻栽培的合理施肥提供理论依据,文章以不施肥(CK)为对照,通过田间试验研究了HA有机肥(T1)、益撒803生物有机菌肥(T2)、绿能瑞奇精制有机肥料(T3)、金阜丰土壤调理剂(T4)、黑珍珠生物有机肥(T5)和爸爱我生物有机肥(T6)6种不同生物有机肥对胡麻籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,施肥处理的胡麻地上部干物质日积累量在盛花期—青果期达到最大,高于CK处理3.92%~11.6%。成熟期干物质在主茎+分枝+果壳的分配比例以CK处理最大,而T6处理的干物质在叶片中的分配量和分配比例均最大,籽粒中的干物质分配量以T4处理为最多,其次是T2处理,高于CK处理31.0%和26.2%(P<0.05)。与CK处理相比,不同生物有机肥处理的生物产量增加幅度达2.03%~8.79%,而胡麻的籽粒产量以T4处理为最高,T6处理次之,二者分别显著增产54.7%和43.5%。除T3和T5处理外,其他生物有机肥处理的收获指数较CK处理显著增加17.4%~43.5%。胡麻的水分利用效率表现为T4处理最大,其次为T6处理,二者分别比CK处理显著增加35.6%和30.7%。因此,金阜丰土壤调理剂处理是本试验条件下胡麻的最佳施肥方式。

In order to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization in loess plateau,a field experiment was conducted to test the effect of different bio-organic manures on grain yield and water use efficiency of oil flax. The experiment included following treatments：HA organic fertilizer（ T1）,Yisa 803 bio-organic manure（ T2）,Lvnengruiqi refined organic fertilizer（ T3）,Jinfufeng soil conditioner（ T4）,Heizhenzhu bio-organic manure（ T5） and Baaiwo bio-organic fertilizer（ T6）; Non-fertilizer as a control（ CK）.The results showed that the dry matter accumulations per day with bio-organic manures reached a peak value between full flowering and young fruit stages and increased by 3. 92% - 11. 6% over that with CK. At maturity stage,CK was with the most ratio of dry matter in stem,spike axis and kernel husk,and T6 was with the most ratio of dry matter in leaf; while T4 was with the most ratio of dry matter in grain and T2 was the next,increasing by 31. 0% and 26. 2% compared with CK,respectively. Compared with CK,all treatments increased the biological yield of oil flax by 2. 03% - 8. 79%; T4 and T6 increased the grain yield of oil flax by 54. 7% and43. 5%,respectively; T1,T2,T4 and T6 increased the harvest index of oil flax by 17. 4% - 43. 5%; T4 and T6 were with optimal water use efficiency of oil flax,increasing by 35. 6% and 30. 7%,respectively. Therefore,T4 is the optimal fertilization option in this experiment.