基于仿生设计的风力机塔架力学性能分析

Mechanical Properties Analysis of the Wind Turbine Tower based on Bionic Design

为提高塔架力学性能,提出一种仿生结构塔架并研究静态和动态结构特性。建立了1.5 MW风力机塔架有限元模型,通过仿棕榈植物的结构,将传统塔架模型设计成带类维管束腹板的锥筒塔架和带类维管束腹板多段式仿生塔架,并将计算结果与传统塔架进行了对比分析。结果表明：类维管束腹板使仿生塔架具有更强的抗弯性能,可有效降低塔架的塔尖位移,较之传统塔架减小了68%;传统塔架的应力集中在塔架根部,而仿生塔架能高效地分散载荷,最大应力下降19%,起到减载作用;仿生塔架的一阶固有频率较传统塔架下降0.246 Hz,能够避开塔架的共振频率范围。

In order to improve the mechanical properties of the wind turbine tower,a bionic structure tower was proposed and the static and dynamic structural characteristics were calculated.The finite element model of the 1.5 MW wind turbine tower was established and the traditional tower model were designed into a cone tower with vascular webs and a multi-stage bionic tower with vascular webs,and the calculation results were compared with the traditional tower.Results showed that vascular webs result in bionic tower more resistant to bending and reduce the tower tip displacement effectively,which decreases by68% compared to the traditional tower.The stress of the traditional tower is concentrated in the root of the tower,while the bionic tower can efficiently distribute the load,leading to a 19% drop in the maximum stress and acting as load shedding.The first-order natural frequency of the bionic tower is 0.246 Hz less than that of the conventional tower,and the resonant frequency range of the tower can be avoided.