产业政策、异质性与收入效应——基于中国制造业微观数据的研究

Industrial Policy,Heterogeneity and Income Effect——Based on the Research of the Micro Data of Chinese Manufacturing Industry

采用1998—2007年中国制造业微观数据,研究产业政策对企业（职工）收入效应的影响及内在作用路径,并探讨在产业政策资源重配下企业职工收入动态的变化。研究发现,不同产业政策对企业职工工资收入效应的影响存在明显差异,即存在产业政策异质性,同一产业政策对不同类型企业（企业规模、企业成长阶段及国有股权比例）工资收入效应的影响也存在明显差异,即企业异质性;产业政策通过行业激励来促进企业工资收入提高的效果好于激励单个企业;产业政策在地区-行业间的资源配置离散程度越高,企业职工工资收入的扩展边际比集约边际提升效应越明显。此外,在竞争性产业政策资源重配机制能够有效发挥作用的前提下,通过企业工资收入的扩展边际,竞争性产业政策对企业工资收入的提升效果更好。

Based on the micro data of manufacturing industry in China during 1998-2007, this paper analyzes the impact of in- dustrial policy on employee income effect, also the internal action path mechanism and the dynamic effect of employee income effect after the allocation of industrial policy resources. We find that, different policies exert distinct influence on employee income effect, that is, industrial policy heterogeneity. And the influence of the same policy differs in various enterprises（enterprise scale, growth stage and state-owned equity ratio）, that is, firm heterogeneity. The positive effect of industrial policy on employee income effect could achieve a better result through industry incentive, rather than single enterprise incentive. While the regional dispersion degree of industrial policy resources allocation is higher, the enhancement effect of the extended margin of employee income is more obvious than that of the intensive margin.Besides, under the premise of an effective reallocation mechanism of competitive industrial policy resources, the competitive industrial policy could betterly enhance employee salary income through the extended margin.