河北省不同生态区农田土壤肥力现状及变化特征

Soil Fertility Status of Farmland and its Change in Different Ecological Region of Hebei Province

河北省第二次土壤普查距今已近30年,经过多年的耕作施肥,河北省农田土壤肥力发生了明显的变化,为了更好的对河北省不同生态区农田土壤资源进行管理,需要对河北省肥力现状和变化特征进行充分了解,以实现耕地保育与生态环境协调发展的目标。通过对2009~2014年河北省测土配方施肥项目中获取的45698个土壤样品的测试数据分析,并与第二次土壤普查数据结果对比,以明确河北省不同生态区农田土壤肥力现状与变化特征。结果表明:河北省农田土壤pH平均为7.8,有机质含量平均为17.0 g kg^(-1),有效磷平均含量为24.4 mg kg^(-1),速效钾平均含量在137.1 mg kg^(-1)。河北省不同生态区土壤pH差异明显,燕山丘陵区有明显酸化趋势;土壤有机质含量自西北向东南方向逐渐降低,有效磷和速效钾含量呈明显的地带性分布,在不同生态区间有明显差异。与第二次土壤普查结果相比,河北省不同生态区的土壤有机质和有效磷含量均大幅度增加,速效钾含量略有增加,但在不同生态区间变化趋势不一致,而土壤则有酸化的趋势,这种变化与各生态区的自然生态状况和农业管理有紧密的关系。建议河北省应加强对主要生态区的土壤肥力的长期定位观测,以明确土壤肥力演变规律与发展方向。在生产上推广应用测土配方施肥技术,增加有机肥施用并推进秸秆还田技术在不同作物体系的应用,以实现河北省农田土壤肥力与作物生产能力的同步稳定提升。

After the second national soil survey（started in 1980）, soil fertility in Hebei Province changed greatly due to the cultivation and fertilization. So it is necessary to clearly understand the soil fertility status for soil conservation and ecological development in Hebei Province. The data of 45698 soil samples were collected from the dataset of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation project in Hebei Province during 2009-2014. After comparing these data with the data from the second national soil survey, this research investigated the soil fertility status and its change in different ecological areas. The average value of soil pH was 7.8, and the average contents of soil organic matter, Olsen P and exchangeable K were 17.0 g kg^-1, 24.4 mg kg^-1 and 137.1 mg kg^-1, respectively. The soil pH had significant difference among different ecological regions and showed the acidification trend in the Yanshan Mountain Area. The content of soil organic matter decreased from northwest to southeast region in Hebei Province. But the contents of soil Olsen P and exchangeable K had clearly regional distribution pattern. Compared with the second national soil survey,the contents of soil organic matter and Olsen P remarkably increased in all ecological regions. The contents of soil exchangeable K increased slightly but had different changing patterns in different ecological regions. The initial natural ecological status and agricultural management played important roles in soil fertility evolution. The soil fertility changed remarkably in the past 30 years. We suggested that in-situ long-term monitoring soil fertility in different ecological regions was necessary to understand soil fertility evolution patterns and direction. And soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, increasing application of organic fertilizer and straw recycling technologies should be used for increasing both soil fertility and grain yield in Hebei Province.