黏土矿物在土壤重金属污染中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Clay Minerals in the Remediation of Cadmium Polluted Farmland

黏土矿物作为土壤的重要组成成分之一,因其自身的组成和结构特性在土壤重金属污染钝化修复中有较为广泛的应用。目前常见的黏土矿物包括高岭石、蒙脱石、沸石、海泡石等。详细介绍了各类黏土矿物在重金属钝化修复治理中的应用,阐述了黏土矿物对土壤重金属污染的修复机理,包括离子交换、共沉淀和配合反应等。此外还探讨了黏土矿物钝化修复的影响因素,包括重金属种类、黏土矿物类型、土壤性质等。从修复实际出发,展望了黏土矿物在土壤修复应用中的未来发展,今后应多关注黏土矿物对土壤-作物系统的潜在环境风险和黏土矿物修复效果的田间长期稳定性。

Clay minerals, as one of the major components of soil, play significant roles in the remediation of heavy metal polluted soil due to their special compositions and unique molecular structure. The common clay minerals include zeolite, sepiolite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and so on. In this paper, we discussed the application of clay minerals and explored the remediation mechanism of clay minerals in heavy metal polluted soil, including ion-exchange, co-precipitation and coordination. Furthermore, we discussed the factors that affected remediation process,including soil type, heavy metal speciation, pollution level as well as clay mineral type. The development trends were forecasted on the reality remediation. Future work should be focused on the potential risks of immobilization amendments applied to soil-crop system and its long-term effect on farmland.