线粒体DNA与肺部疾病的研究进展

Advances in Research of Mitochondrial DNA and Lung Diseases

线粒体是真核细胞中非常重要的细胞器,其在氧化磷酸化、自由基形成、细胞信息传递、多种中间代谢产物转化及内源性凋亡途径的启动调节中发挥重要作用。线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是真核细胞中唯一存在的除核DNA外的遗传物质。研究证明,mtDNA在肺部疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用。其通过产生大量自由基、与细菌DNA同源性、mtDNA易突变及介导多种细胞因子的表达等方式,参与肺癌、急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)、哮喘、慢阻肺-哮喘重叠综合征、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、肺纤维化、肺炎等肺部疾病的发生发展。本文就mtDNA与肺部疾病关系的研究进展进行综述,以期为mtDNA作为新靶点对肺部疾病进行早期诊断、治疗及预后提供新的研究方向。

Mitochondria are important organelles in eukaryotic cells and play an important role in oxidative phosphorylation,formation of free radicals,intracellular communication,conversion of various intermediate metabolites and regulation of endogenous apoptotic pathways. Mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） is unique extranuclear genetic material in eukaryotic cells. Studies have shown that mtDNA plays an important role in the development and progression of lung diseases. MtDNA is involved in the development of lung diseases such as lung cancer,acute lung injury /acute respiratory distress syndrome,COPD,asthma,COPD and asthma overlap syndrome,obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonia. The related mechanisms include generation of a large number of free radicals,homology with bacterial DNA,high mutation rate of mtDNA,expression of multiple cytokines and so on. This article reviews the research progress of the relationship between mtDNA and lung diseases,with the aim of providing new research directions for mtDNA as a new target for the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of lung diseases.