烤烟连作下连续施用生物炭对烤烟黑胫病、干物质及产质量的影响

Effects of Continuous Application of Biochar Under Flue-cured Tobacco Continuous Cropping on Black Shank,Dry Matter and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为提高烤烟产质量,探究连续施用生物炭的长期效应,以云烟87为试验材料,通过3年定位试验,研究连续施用生物炭对烤烟黑胫病、干物质量和产质量的影响。结果表明,连续施用生物炭能降低烤烟黑胫病的发病率(降低2.78%~8.33%)及病害指数(降低1.39%~4.40%),但其对病害的抑制作用随着连作时间的延长逐年降低;连续施用生物炭有利于烤烟根系的干物质增加(增加19.50~43.02 g),总干物质积累量在2015、2016年均有所增加(增加40.50~85.20 g),但在2017年时略有降低(降低20.00 g);连续施用生物炭能提高烤烟的产质量,烤后烟叶的上等烟(增加2.60%~8.91%)、中上等烟比例(增加0.51%~3.67%)及经济性状各指标(产值增加2 485.64~6 216.13元·hm-2),但随着连作时间的延长上述指标均逐渐下降。综上,连续施用生物炭能减轻烤烟黑胫病害,促进根系干物质积累,缓解因连作时间延长导致的烤烟产质量下降。本研究对优质烤烟生产有一定的指导意义。

In order to improve the yield and quality of flue-ured tobacco, and study the long-term effects of continuous application of biochar, yunyan 87 was selected as testing material and a three-year located experiment was designed tostudy the effects of continuous application of biochar on black shank, dry matter and yield and quality. The results showed that the continuous application of biochar could reduce the morbidity of disease （ decreased by 2. 78% -8. 33%） and disease.infected indices （decreased by 1. 39% - 4. 40%） of flue.cured tobacco, but its inhibitory effecton the disease decreased with the extension of continuous cropping time; the dry matter in the root of flue.cured tobaccowas increased （increased by 19.50-43.02g）,and total dry matter both increased in 2015 and 2016 （ increased by 40.50-85.20g）, while decreased slightly in 2017 （decreased by 20. 00 g） after continuous application of biochar;the yield and quality of flue.cured tobacco was increased, and the first class tobacco proportion （increased by 2. 60% -8. 91%）, the superior tobacco proportion （increased by 0. 51% - 3. 67%）, and the indexes of economic character （e.g. the output value increased by 2485. 64-6216.13 yuan·hm^-2） were improved, but the above indicators alsodecreased with the extension of continuous cropping time after continuous application of biochar. Therefore, continuousapplication of biochar can reduce the disease of black shank of flue.cured tobacco, promote the accumulation of dry matter in root, and alleviate the tendency of the yield and quality decline of flue.cured tobacco due to prolongation of continuous cropping. The study has a guiding significance for the production of high quality flue.cured tobacco.