论宗教人类学视野下的人神关系

On the Relationship between Man and God in the View of Religious Anthropology

人神关系是密不可分的,相互依赖。人将自己的意识投射在外物上,并用行动造就了神灵。随着人的艺术和技术能力的提高,造神活动也朝着专业化方向发展,渗透到建筑、雕塑、绘画、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、文学等各个领域。反之,人所造就的神也指示着人的行为。信神者依赖神的神谕或告示来行动,以实现神的功能性与绝对性。神与人的交流一般通过梦境、附体、咒语、特殊物件等方式来实现。在宗教想象中人与神的活动各有自己的局限范围,人可以通过修炼修行等方式升格为神,而神可以下到人间,直接施展其权威。总之,人与神通过创造与被创造关系建立基础,通过各种途径互相交流,并在想象中互相交往,最终达到人与神的和谐共处,实现人与神的共同意志。

Man and God depend on each other and can not be separated. Man projects his awareness onto outside things and creates the god with his own actions. With the improvement of art and skill of human beings,the activity of creating gods also tends to develop professionally,permeating into all the spheres such as architecture,sculpture,drawing,music,dance,play,and literature etc. On the other hand,the gods created by man also indicate the action of human beings. People who believe in god behave according to the god＇s oracle or notice so as to realize the god＇s function or absoluteness. The communication between god and man is often realized by dreams,possession,curse,special objects etc. In religious imagination,although the activities of men and gods have their own restriction respectively,man can improve himself to the level of god by reflection and practice,and god may go down into the man＇s world to show his authority directly. In short,man and god set up their basis through the relationship of creating and being created,communicate with each other through various approaches,associate with each other in imagination,finally reach the harmonious coexistence between man and god,and realize the common willingness both of man and god.