中国居民主观幸福感结构剖析与评价——基于CGSS2013数据的实证研究

Analysis and Evaluation of the Structure of Subjective Well-being of Chinese Residents——An Empirical Study Based on CGSS2013 Data

基于中国人民大学中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2013年数据,借助结构方程模型,从"个人特征""社会资本特征""生态环境特征""公共服务保障"四个层面构建中国居民主观幸福感的影响因素结构模型框架,进而实现对中国居民主观幸福感的结构剖析与评价。分析结果表明,上述四个层面因素对主观幸福感的潜在传导路径均显著,其中"个人特征""社会资本特征"与主观幸福感间的路径系数分别为0.17和0.29,影响程度较深;"公共服务保障""生态环境特征"与主观幸福感间的路径系数分别为0.09和0.08,影响程度相对较弱。中国政府在制定意在提高居民主观幸福感的相关政策过程中,应加强公共服务建设,同时关注人居环境的改善,进而增强"生态环境特征""公共服务保障"对主观幸福感的影响能力。

Based on the data of Chinese comprehensive social survey of Renmin University of China( CGSS)in 2013,with the help of structural equation model,we use the "personal characteristics","social capital characteristics","characteristics of the ecological environment","public service"to construct people's subjective wellbeing factors model framework,so as to study the transmission path of Chinese the subjective well-being of citizens in different levels. The empirical results show that the four latent variables were significant on the conduction path of subjective well-being,the path coefficients between the "personal factors","social capital characteristics"and subjective well-being were 0. 17 and 0. 29,the degree of influences were stronger; the path coefficients between"public service"and"ecological environment characteristics"and subjective well-being were 0. 09 and 0. 08,the degree of influence was weaker. The government should strengthen the construction of public service in the process of improving the subjective well-being of the residents,and pay attention to the improvement of human living environment,and then enhance the influence of "ecological environment characteristics"and "public service guarantee"to the subjective well-being.