面向创造力培养的设计思维模型与案例

Design Thinking Model Oriented Towards the Cultivation of Creative Learners and Its Cases

推进教育创新,培养具有创造力的学习者是当前教育领域关注的焦点。设计思维作为一种新的理念、方法和策略框架,契合了当前世界对创新型人才的培养需求。美国、澳大利亚和日本均对设计思维教学应用开展了深入探索。从当前国际上典型的设计思维模型如"斯坦福设计思维模型"和"IDEO设计思维模型"的实施过程来看,设计思维过程可以概括为三大核心环节:观察设计挑战、将想法和解决方案建立联系、反思并改进设计。这是一个不断迭代的过程。设计思维所具有的问题导向、作品导向、反复迭代、合作分享、技术支持、促进高级思维能力发展等特征,决定了其在课堂教学、课程设计和学校教育中的应用潜力和路径。案例分析也发现:设计思维应用有助于促进学生高级思维能力发展,提升在线/面对面课程质量,推动学校系统变革与创新。在实践中,应用设计思维培养创新型人才应努力做到:推动设计思维与教育教学深度融合,重视学生设计思维发展,加强教师设计思维能力培训,探索有效技术与方法促进设计思维高效应用。

Promoting educational innovation to cultivate creative learners is the focus in the field of education.As a new concept, methodology and strategy framework, design thinking is fit for the needs of cultivating creativetalents in the world. Researchers from the United States, Australia and Japan have deeply explored the application of design thinking. According to the implementation process of two widely-accepted models, the Stanford DesignThinking Model and IDEO Design Thinking Model, the design thinking, a continuous iterative process, includes three core parts, that is, observing design challenges, establishing connections with ideas and solutions, reflectingand improving the design process. The characteristics of design thinking, such as problem-driven, artifact-oriented,iteration, cooperation and sharing, technology support and developing high-order thinking skills, make it verysuitable to be integrated into classroom teaching, curriculum design and school education. The case analysis showsthat design thinking is helpful to cultivate students’high-order thinking skills, improve the quality of online and face-to-face courses and promote the reform and innovation of the school system. In practice, the application of design thinking to cultivate innovative talents should be focused on promoting the integration of design thinking andeducation, emphasizing the development of students’design thinking, strengthening the training of teachers’designthinking ability, and exploring effective technology and methods to promote the efficient application of designthinking.