我国资本利得税的功能定位与改革路径

Functional Orientation and the Reform Path of China's Capital Gains Tax

我国财税体制改革的方向是逐步提高直接税比重。资本利得税具有调节国民收入分配、稳定资本市场发展、改善投资结构等作用。我国目前所得税法中以财产转让税目征收的比例税以及对二级市场股票交易免税的政策,不利于稳定资本市场和收入分配状况改善。我们认为资本利得税的税率应区分长短期,并实行超额累进税率,征税范围宜选择税源分布较广且利得容易确认的资本性资产,以更好地发挥稳定资本市场和缩小贫富差距的作用。

The direction of the fiscal and taxation system reform in our country is to increase the proportion of direct tax gradually. Capital gains tax has the function of adjusting national income distribution, stabilizing the operation of capital market, improving the investment structure of enterprise, etc. At present, the proportion tax based on the taxable property transfer, and the tax free policy on the trading of securities on the secondary stock market, are not conducive to the stability of the capital market and the improvement in income distribution. In order to better stabilize the capital market operation and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, we believe that capital gains tax rates should be distinguished between short-term and long-term ones, and a progressive tax rate should be maintained. The taxation scope should be the capital assets which have a wide distribution and the gain of which is easy to confirm.