乡村旅游开发对地方性的影响及其机制研究——以福建省永定县洪坑村为例

Study on the impact and driving mechanism of rural tourism development on place——Take Hongkeng village as a case

地方性概念随着旅游开发的深入逐步受到学者们广泛关注。地方性是乡村旅游开发的根本吸引力,但在全球化大背景下乡村作为被消费的场所,地方性日益淡化。因此对乡村旅游过程中地方性的关注十分必要。本文基于地方居民角度,以福建省永定县洪坑村为案例,对其地方性进行解读并分析影响因素与机制,弥补了国内目前多从游客视角对旅游地地方性的研究。研究表明:物质形态、内在文化和活态环境共同构成乡村旅游中地方性的表现形式;经济、制度、文化三个因素通过利益、博弈和内涵驱动共同对地方性产生作用;地方居民具有主体与客体的双重身份。最后,从加强村民社区参与、改革政府管理模式与旅游规划等方面对洪坑村旅游开发提出对策与建议。

The rural area as a form of place has great significance in China,rural area＇s placeness is the most important attraction for development of tourism. However, in the context of globalization, the placeness of rural area is gradually fading, and even been commercialized as products are being sold.In order to interpret the placeness of rural tourism development process and analyze its evolution mechanism, this paper selects Hongkeng Village as a case to conduct an empirical study from the local residents＇ perspective, makes up for deficiencies in domestic researches which most of them only from tourist perspective. In this study, the results can be concluded as follows：（1）The placeness of Hongkeng Village is reflected in three aspects： physical form-Tulou, internal culture-Hakkas＇ folk culture, living environment-original ecological rural human settlements, its formation and change accord with＂inheritance-accumulation-interference＂ mechanism;（2）Tourism development brings positive and negative effects to the local area, which negative effects include two aspects： the plight of living and protection and the villagers＇ irregular ways to make a profit. Economy, institution and culture are the three main influencing factors, each of them affect local residents through interest, game and inner motivation driven, thus bring significant influence on placeness;（3）Local residents have the dual identities： they are both subjects and objects of placeness. On one hand, as a part of placeness, residents are the inheritors and participants of local tourism development; on the other hand, the economic, institutional and cultural factors have impacts on placeness all through the residents. Thus, the local residents play a key role in the development of rural tourism, and it also gives a good research perspective to study on the intersection of placeness and tourism issues. At last,based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward some countermeasures on strengthening community participation, reforming government management and the suggestions of tourism planning for the tourism development of Hongkeng village.