大学生社会责任感与心理健康、应对方式及父母教养方式的关系研究

Relationship of Sense of Social Responsibility with Mental Health,Coping Style and Parental Rearing Style among Chinese College Students

目的了解大学生社会责任感现状,并探讨其与心理健康、应对方式及父母教养方式的关系。方法采用整群抽样法,于2017年4月在南京市某所高校抽取一、二、三3个年级的学生共3 000例进行实测,采用大五人格"尽职性"分量表、大学生人格问卷、简易应对方式问卷、父母教养方式评价量表对大学生进行测量,分析大学生社会责任感与心理健康、应对方式及父母教养方式的关系。结果研究得到有效问卷2 814份,有效率93.80%。大学生的社会责任感高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(t=2.779,P=0.005)。男生、贫困生、父母共同抚养者的社会责任感分别高于女生、非贫困生、非父母共同抚养者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心理健康水平不同的大学生社会责任感不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);大学生社会责任感与积极应对方式呈线性正相关,而与消极应对方式呈线性负相关(r值分别为0.361、-0.265,P<0.001)。大学生社会责任感与父亲的情感温暖和理解呈线性正相关(r值为0.243,P<0.01),与父亲的惩罚与严厉、父亲的过分干涉、父亲的拒绝与否认、父亲的过度保护呈线性负相关(r值分别为-0.077、-0.152、-0.121、-0.092,P<0.001);大学生社会责任感与母亲的情感温暖和理解呈线性正相关(r值为0.154,P<0.01),与母亲的惩罚与严厉、母亲的拒绝与否认、母亲的过分干涉和过度保护呈线性负相关(r值分别为-0.133、-0.183、-0.199,P<0.001)。性别、家庭经济状况、大学生人格问卷得分、积极应对得分、消极应对得分、专制型母亲和理解关爱型父母是大学生社会责任感的影响因素(P<0.001)。结论大学生社会责任感处于良好状态;性别、经济情况、抚养方式对责任感有影响;责任感与心理健康水平和应对方式有密切的关系;父母的理解和关爱有利于社会责任感的形成,父母消极的教养方式,特别是专制型母亲不利于社会责任感的形成。

Objective To investigate the status of sense of social responsibility,and its relationship with mental health,coping style and parental rearing style among Chinese college students.Methods In April 2017,we conducted a survey among a cluster sample of 3 000 Chinese students（including freshmen,sophomores and juniors） from a college in Nanjing using the Chinese version of Big Five Inventory（C-BFI）,Chinese version of University Personality Inventory（C-UPI）,Chinese version of Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（C-SCSQ） and Chinese version of EMBU（C-EMBU） for examining the relationship of sense of social responsibility with mental health,coping style and parental rearing style among this population.Results Totaled 2 814 students positively responded to the survey,with a response rate of 93.80%.The survey showed that the degree of sense of social responsibility of this population was higher than the national level（t=2.779,P=0.005）.Male students,impoverished students and those brought up by both parents were more likely to have higher degree of sense of social responsibility than female students,non-impoverished students and those brought up by single parent（P〈0.05）.The degree of sense of social responsibility varied significantly by mental health status（P〈0.001）.The sense of social responsibility was positively correlated with positive coping（r=0.361,P〈0.001）,while negatively correlated with negative coping（r=-0.265,P〈0.001）.College students＇ sense of social responsibility was positively associated with paternal emotional warmth（r=0.243,P〈0.01）,but negatively associated with paternal punishment and strictness,paternal over-involvement,paternal rejection and disapproval and paternal overprotection（r=-0.077,-0.152,-0.121,-0.092,P〈0.001）.Moreover,college students＇ sense of social responsibility was identified to be positively associated with maternal emotional warmth（r=0.154,P〈0.01）,while negatively associated with maternal punishment and strictness,maternal rejection and disapproval,maternal overinvolvement and overprotection（r=-0.133,-0.183,-0.199,P〈0.001）.Gender,family economic status,C-UPI score,positive coping style,negative coping style,autocratic mother and understanding and caring parents could predict the sense of social responsibility of the students（P〈0.001）.Conclusion The degree of sense of social responsibility among these students was proved to be good,which was associated with gender,family economic status,parental rearing style and also closely correlated with mental health status as well as coping style.Moreover,parental understanding and caring were contributive to the development of sense of social responsibility while negative parental rearing style,especially authoritarian mother＇s parenting,was unfavorable for its development.