国际R&D经费统计规则变迁及对中国的启示——基于《弗拉斯卡蒂手册》第七版的分析

Rules Evolution of International R&D Funding Statistic and Its Implications to China——Based on the Analysis of Frascati Manual Seventh Edition

随着各国政府对研发和创新的逐步重视,R&D经费数据业已成为政府科技管理决策和政策效果评价不可或缺的依据。通过纵览《弗拉斯卡蒂手册》再版历程中R&D经费统计规则变迁,可以发现R&D经费存在投入主体逐渐演变、统计领域持续扩大、测度步骤愈加细致、支出统计口径不断拓宽等特征。基于此,中国应该从R&D经费投入主体、统计领域、资金流动、支出测度四个方面发力,规范R&D经费统计规则,为落实国家创新调查制度、实施创新驱动发展战略、推进创新型国家建设提供数据支撑和服务。

With the gradual emphasis on R＆D and innovation, R＆D funding data has become an indispensable basis for government science and technology management decision-making and policy effectiveness evaluation. Over viewing the rules evolution of R＆D fun-ding statistic in Frascati Manual, we can find some characteristics including constantly changing for investment subject, expanding of the statistical field, refining of the measured steps, widening of the statistical caliber. So China should focus on R＆D funding invest-ment subject, statistical areas, capital flows and funding measures to standardize the statistical rules, and provide a data support and service for implementing national innovation investigation system and strategy of innovation-driven development, and promoting the con-struction of innovative countries.