汉语国际教育视域下的城市地名用字研究

Research on Chinese Characters Used in Urban Place Names in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

城市地名及标示地名的地图、路牌、站牌和交通路线图,是来华学习者最容易接触的语言景观,并且蕴含着城市地形地貌和人文发展的丰富信息。以地名用字作为对外汉字教学的拓展内容,不仅是汉语教学与当地文化传播相融合的一个理想切入点,也便于引导来华留学生在日常生活中观察汉字、识记汉字和使用汉字。城市地名用字字形规范、形义联系理据比较透明、汉字重复率高;通名用字往往标示类别,而且语义层级分明,构词能力强;专名用字往往优先选用通用规范汉字。

The urban place names, which is labeled on the maps, guideboard, bus stop board and traffic maps, are the easiest languages to get access for the foreigners studying in China, and contain rich information of urban geographic and geomorphic conditionsand humanistic development. As an extension of the teaching Chinese characters, the Chinese characters used in place names not only can be the good point of combination of Chinese learning and Chinese culture acquisition,but also are convenient for the foreign students studying in China to observe, to memorize and to use the Chinese characters in their daily life.The characters used in urban place names are standardized, and have rational relation between meaning and form, and often have high repetition rate. The generic terms of place names often indicate categories, and show clear semantic hierarchy, and have strong ability of word-building. The universal standardized Chinese characters are preference in the specific terms of place names.