探讨抗菌药物的合理使用与遏制细菌耐药性的发展

Rational use of antimicrobial agents and the development of bacterial resistance

细菌属于生物的主要类群之一,属于细菌域,也是所有生物中数量最多的一类,其形状多种多样,包括:球状、杆状、螺旋状等。但是,细菌对人类活动也会产生不同程度的影响。一方面,细菌能引起多种疾病,包括:肺结核、淋病、梅毒、砂眼等;另一方面,通过细菌能制作乳酪、酸奶,实现废水的处理等。细菌耐药性又称为抗药性,是指细菌对于抗菌药物作用而产生的耐受性,且耐受性一旦产生,将会影响临床治疗效果。目前,临床上对于细菌感染主要以抗菌药物治疗为主,通过抗菌药物能降低临床死亡率,改善患者预后。但是,随着临床抗菌药物的不合理使用,再加上细菌耐药性的出现、蔓延,使得细菌耐药性成为全球关注的问题。因此,本文将以细菌耐药性为起点,分析当前抗菌药物在细菌中的应用情况,针对抗菌药物使用时存在的问题制定有效的措施进行干预,降低细菌耐药性。

Bacteria belong to one of the main groups of organisms, which belong to the bacterial domain and the largest number in all organisms, with a variety of shapes, including spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, and so on. However, bacteria also have different effects on human activities. On the one hand, bacteria can cause a variety of diseases, including： tuberculosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, sand eye; on the other hand, through bacteria can make cheese, yogurt, wastewater treatment, and so on. Bacterial resistance, also known as drug resistance, refers to the tolerance of bacteria to the effect of antibiotics, and once the tolerance is produced, it will affect the effect of clinical treatment. At present, antimicrobial therapy is the main treatment for bacterial infections in clinic. Antibiotics can reduce the clinical mortality and improve the prognosis of patients. However, with the irrational use of clinical antibiotics and the emergence and spread of bacterial resistance, bacterial resistance has become a global concern. Therefore, this article will take the bacterial resistance as the starting point, analyze the application of the current antibacterial drugs in the bacteria, and make effective measures to intervene in order to reduce the resistance of bacteria in view of the problems existing in the use of antibiotics.