工业废水毒性评估与致毒物质鉴别技术进展

Progress on Toxicity Assessment and Toxicant Identification Technique for Industrial Wastewater

综述了工业废水毒性的化学评估方法、生物毒性评估方法、毒性鉴定评估(TIE)程序以及效应引导的毒物鉴别分析(EDA)中污染物提取、分离、毒性测试、致毒物质识别等技术。指出,工业废水毒害风险评估方法正逐渐向化学分析与生物毒性测试相结合的关键致毒物质鉴别方法转变,便捷、高通量是致毒物质鉴别技术的发展方向,质谱技术及替代定性监测技术的发展将提供更为准确、便捷的致毒物质鉴别方法,为工业废水潜在风险防控提供依据。

This paper reviewed the toxicity assement methods of industrial wastewater,such as chemical assement method and biological toxicity assement method. Toxicity identification evaluation（ TIE） and the technologies of pollutant extraction,seperation,toxicity test and toxicant identification of effect-directed analysis（ EDA） were also introduced. It points out that the toxicity assement method of industrial wastewater showes a gradual shift to the key toxicant identification with the combination of chemical analysis and biological toxicity test. Convenience and high throughput are the development direction of toxicant identification technology. The development of mass-spectrometric technique and the other substitutes of qualitative technique will provide more accurate and more convenient toxicant identification method,which will support the control of the potential risk of industrial wastewater.