西方国家非营利组织参与社区治理的理论与实践逻辑

On Western Countries' Theory and Practice Logic of the Non-Profit Organization Participation in Community Cooperative Governance

社区治理是国家治理的基础平台,非营利组织是社区多元合作治理的重要一极。西方国家先后兴起的市场失灵理论、政府失灵理论、志愿失灵理论、多中心治理理论与第三方治理理论等,从理论层面证实了政府、市场与非营利组织合作治理的必要性。美英日等西方发达国家社区治理的现实呈现出非营利组织与政府在社区治理中良性互动、共生发展的规律性特点。发达国家非营利组织在社区治理中发挥着越来越大的作用,已成为社区治理的主体力量。政府购买服务已成为发达国家非营利组织参与社区治理的制度化模式。非营利组织参与社区治理离不开政府法律、政策与经济的支持。这些历史与现实经验对当前中国社区多元合作共治的理想模式追求、实现社区治理现代化具有重要的借鉴与启示意义。

Community governance is the basic platform of national governance.The Non-Profit Organization is an important part of community governance.Along with the rise of government,market and voluntary failure theory,the multi-center governance theory and the third-party governance theory in western countries,it confirms that the cooperation among the government,market and non-profit organizations is necessary.The actual practice of the theory of community governance in developed countries,such as UK,the US and Japan,presents the regular characteristic of benign interaction and symbiotic development between NPO and government in community governance.The history and realistic logic presents the characteristics that the NPO and community governance blend each other and co-develop.First,the NPO plays a more and more important role in community governance in developed countries as the main body of community governance.Government purchasing services has become an institutionalized mode that the NPO participate in community governance.The participation of NPO in community governance must obtain the support of government policies,laws and economic.These historical and realistic experiences are great reference and inspiration for the pursuit of the ideal model for pluralistic co-governance in Chinese communities and for the modernization of community governance.