守护民主生活——杜威与哈贝马斯民主观的比较研究

Safeguarding the democratic life: A comparative study of Dewey's and Habermas' democratic views

杜威民主理论的特色在于将民主视为一种生活方式,"大共同体"是作为生活方式的民主理想。通过分析公共领域在现代民主实践中的功能,哈贝马斯集中阐释了商议民主与交往权力以及法治的相互关系。守护民主生活是杜威和哈贝马斯政治哲学的共同旨归。杜威的实用主义民主与哈贝马斯的商议民主有着一定的亲缘关系,哈贝马斯也在一定程度上拓展了杜威的理论主张。批判性地反思杜威与哈贝马斯民主观遭到的现实挑战,对于我们树立利益共同体和命运共同体意识有着重要的现实意义。

The characteristics of Dewey＇s democratic theory lie in that he regards democracy as a way of life, as he believes that ＂great community＂ is the democratic ideal as a way of life. Habermas, by analyzing the function of the public sphere in the modern democratic practice, focuses on illustrating the mutual relation between deliberative democracy and communicative power, as well as the rule of law. Safeguarding the democratic life is the common interest of Dewey＇s and Habermas＇ s political philosophy. Thus, there exists a close relationship between Dewey＇s pragmatic democracy and Habermas＇ s deliberative democracy in that Habermas expands Dewey＇s theories to some extent. Reflecting critically on the realistic challenges with which Dewey＇s and Habermas＇ s democratic theories are faced offers important practical significance for us to establish the consciousness of interest community and destiny community.