身体的抵抗——20世纪西方乌托邦转向与反乌托邦叙事

The Resistance of Body——A Study of the Utopian Narrative and Dystopian Narrative in the 20^(th) Century West

在20世纪的两次世界大战与冷战历史中,乌托邦开始与极权主义重合并因此受到审判,19世纪晚期曾经高涨的乌托邦写作热情也迅速消退了,其最为清晰的症候是文本数量上的减少与反乌托邦叙事的出现等。通过考察反乌托邦叙事、女性主义乌托邦以及赛博朋克等科幻叙事这三个围绕乌托邦的重要文学事实,并结合与之相关的理论话语建构(即身体理论、女性主义与后人类主义),以此尝试从另一个角度思考"乌托邦退潮"的现象。通过文本细读和话语分析可以看到,20世纪的乌托邦叙事轨迹并非是由有至无、一步步消失的过程,而是由社会蓝图的构建转向了身体冲动的过程。

As is known, the writing enthusiasm in utopia has quickly weakened which is clearly shownin the reduced number of texts and the emergence of dystopia during World War II and the cold war. With ananalysis of such three important literary facts of utopia as dystopia, feminist utopia and cyberpunk as well asrelated theoretical discourses（namely, body theory, feminism and posthumanism）, the present paper believesthat in the 20^th century utopia is not just fading away, but turns from the blueprint of society to the impulse ofbody.