中美媒体关于南海争端报道的框架分析

Framing Analysis of the Sino-American News Reports on the South China Sea Disputes

我们在现实生活中之所以按照特定的理解方式来把握世界,往往是特定框架作用的结果。本文拟以中美主流媒体关于中国南海争端的报道为例探讨大众传播媒介如何通过框架来影响受众。本文的对比分析表明,中美主流媒体就南海争端的新闻报道调用了多个方面的不同框架,以塑造各自的国家形象,争取国际舆论的认同。不过,由于人们在社会现实的构建中也会根据自己已有的认知框架来对新事物进行主观解释,因此新闻媒体的框架和受众个体的框架之间不一定存在很高的相关性,其在具体事件上激活的框架对不同受众的影响程度也千差万别。

We all perceive and experience reality by means of interpretative schemata,initial expectations about the world and priorities of interests,and in that sense our understanding of the world is inevitably framed. This paper is a contrastive analysis of the ways in which Chinese and American news media frame their reports on the South China Sea disputes in order to influence the public opinion. The analysis shows that the news media have exploited various types of frames to create a positive image of their own country and a negative image of their rival country. As individual readers always have their own interpretative schemata and interests which may not conform to those of the news reporters,the effects of the frames employed by the news media upon their readers are bound to be different from person to person and from group to group.