论翻译语用适应的双指向性

On the Dual Orientation of Pragmatic Adaptation in Translation

语用适应是翻译语用学的基本课题之一。就通常意义上的翻译而言,俄罗斯翻译学界所研究的语用适应仅指向源语,目标在于传达源文语用意义,实现语用等值,因而只反映出语用适应的单指向性。本文通过实证研究,分析《红楼梦》亲属称谓系统中社会地位称谓的俄译情形,指出语用适应还存在另一指向性——指向译语,即放弃源文的语用意义而遵从译语的语用规约,从而揭示翻译语用适应具有双指向性的特点。语用适应双指向性的理据性可通过语用学综观下的语言适应论得以阐明。

Pragmatic adaptation is one of the basic subjects in pragmatics of translation. The study by Russian translation researchers has shown that pragmatic adaptation in translation is oriented only to the source language in order to transfer the pragmatic meaning in source utterance. This only reflects the single orientation of the pragmatic adaptation. Based on empirical study,this paper analyzes the Russian translation of social address terms of the relative appellation system in A Dream of Red Mansions,and indicates that pragmatic adaptation is also oriented to the target language. In this case,translators may abandon the pragmatic meaning in source utterance and follow the pragmatic conventions of target language. Therefore,it is concluded that pragmatic adaptation in translation has the characteristic of dual orientation,which can be interpreted by Verschueren＇s theory of linguistic adaptability.