试论昆德拉独特的创作之路

On Kundera’s Unique Literary Path

昆德拉创作历程的独特性是其作品受到格外关注的重要原因。本文拟从昆德拉作品被禁的遭遇、昆德拉对于翻译的理解与要求以及创作语言的改变3个角度入手,追踪昆德拉独特的创作之路,探讨其创作历程的特点。在捷克斯洛伐克特殊历史时期,其作品在本国被禁,直接导致昆德拉出走西欧,寻求创作出路;作品的域外传播必须借助翻译,作家对于翻译的认识与态度是译者创造性活动的重要尺度,昆德拉对翻译忠实性原则的追求,使其格外重视翻译,亲自对作品的翻译进行校改;创作语言的变化源于移民导致的文化语境的改变,并为其创作带来更多可能性。

Milan Kundera＇s unique writing career accounts primarily for the special attention his works have captured. This paper proposes to track and elucidate the features of the writer＇s distinctive literary path from three aspects： the literary ban on his work,Kundera＇s meditation on translation,and his language shift in literary creation. The history of Czechoslovakia witnesses a special period of strict cultural control and complete ban,which causes Kundera＇s exile to Western Europe to continue his literary life.The dissemination of literary works abroad entails translation. Since a writer＇s understanding of and attitude towards translation make an important gauge of translator＇s creative activity,Kundera＇s pursuit of fidelity makes him pay special attention to translation and spurs him to proofread the translations of his works. The change of writing language stems from the change in cultural context due to immigration,which brings more possibilities for his creation.