基于AB5合金复合贮氢材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Composite Hydrogen Storage Materials Based on AB5 Alloy

制备复合贮氢材料是改善贮氢合金性能,克服单一合金缺点的一条有效途径。基于AB5贮氢合金的特点,对利用AB5合金制备复合贮氢材料等方面的研究进行了总结。AB5贮氢合金一般具有CaCu5晶体结构,具有相对较高的吸氢容量、良好的循环稳定性、低平衡压、吸氢动力学快和良好的抗杂质性等优点,尤其与其他贮氢材料进行复合作为燃料电池用贮氢罐的候选材料,具有很好的开发应用前景。主要涉及了AB5/AB2,AB5/Mg（Mg基）、AB5/V-Ti,AB5/碳材料等二元复合贮氢材料的研究进展。阐述了各种复合材料的相组成、微观结构、贮氢性能以及作用机制等,并对今后复合贮氢材料的研究方向进行了展望,如利用材料计算方法对复合材料热力学、动力学等方面进行理论计算、新制备工艺开发、AB5合金与多元体系贮氢材料进行复合。

Preparation of composite hydrogen storage materials is an effective way to improve the properties of hydrogen storage alloys and overcome the shortcomings of single alloys. Based on the characteristics of AB5 hydrogen storage alloys,the preparation of composite hydrogen storage materials by AB5 alloy was summarized. AB5 hydrogen storage alloys with a Ca Cu5 crystal structure had relatively high hydrogen absorption capacity,good cycle stability,low equilibrium pressure,hydrogen absorption kinetics and good anti impurity.In particular,composite hydrogen storage materials based on AB5 alloy can be used as a candidate material for hydrogen storage tanks for fuel cells,and have a good prospect of development and application. This research progress of AB5/AB2,AB5/Mg(Mg-based）,AB5/V-Ti,AB5/carbon materials and other two component composite hydrogen storage material was summarized. The phase composition,microstructure,hydrogen storage properties and mechanism of the composites were discussed. The future research directions of composite hydrogen storage materials were prospected,such as the materials computation methods used to calculate the thermodynamics and dynamics of composite materials,new process development and multi system composite hydrogen storage materials based on AB5 alloy.