海德格尔论个别科学与哲学之间的关系

Heidegger’s Reflection of the Relation between Special Science and Philosophy

哲学与个别科学之间的关系问题一直众说纷纭,在海德格尔看来,首先,个别科学是关于某一类特定存在者的学问,但它们无法对自身的基础进行反思或质疑,而只能被动地从＂形而上学之思＂那里接受相关存在者的规定;其次,形而上学之思规定具体的存在者,将它们划入相应的区域,从而为个别科学奠定基础,所谓的科学革命通常产生于这一层面;然而,形而上学依然需要基础存在论为它奠基,后者追问存在的一般意义,是其它所有学科的基础;考虑到存在概念的特殊性质,海德格尔进一步认为需要通过此在的实存论分析,才能通达存在的一般意义。总之,在海德格尔眼中,哲学与科学之间具有一种多重且复杂的奠基关系。

The question of the relation between individual science and philosophy has still no certain conclusion. Heidegger believed that, the individual sciences are about some particular kind of beings, but they cannot reflect or question their own ground, and only passively accept the concepts of beings from the metaphysical thoughts. The thoughts of traditional metaphysics determined the beings and drawn the lines for them, furthermore the individual sciences based on it. Then, he thought the metaphysics for- gets Being and the meaning of Being in general essentially, and he called the true philosophy of funda- mental ontology, afterward all other subjects based on this. In a word, there is a complex relationship be- tween philosophy and science.