基于AIS数据挖掘的受限水域船舶动态领域研究

Research on Dynamic Ship Domain in Restricted Water Based on AIS Data

考虑到受限水域船舶类型、船舶长度以及速度对船舶领域的影响,本文基于船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification Systen,AIS)数据,建立受限水域内船舶动态领域模型。通过求取每一时刻目标船到本船的距离和相对方位,获得单船船位分布图,然后对本船和目标船按船舶类型、船舶长度和船速进行分类,对同一类型单船船位分布图进行叠加,获得特定类型的船位分布图,采用数理统计方法确定船舶领域的边界,最终建立受限水域船舶动态领域模型。选用舟山港螺头水道AIS数据对该方法进行验证,共挖掘出19种不同类型的船舶动态领域模型。分析结果表明:货船对货船的船舶领域最小,油船对油船的船舶领域最大;船舶领域的长度随着船长,船速的增加而增加,且在长轴方向上增加的幅度要大于短轴方向;船舶领域长度与船舶长度的比值并非为定值,而是随着船长,船速的增加而递减,船速越大,递减的幅度越大。

Considering the influence of ship type, ship length and speed on ship domain, this paper established a dynamic domain model in restricted waters based on Automatic Identification System（AIS） data. Firstly, the distance and relative orientation between the target ship and own ship at each moment were calculated to obtain the single ship position＇s distribution diagram, then the target ship and own ship were classified based on the ship type, ship length and speed, thus to obtain the position distribution diagram of specific type of ships by combining position distribution diagram of the same type of ships. Then the boundary of ship＇s domain could be determined by mathematical statistics. finally, the dynamic domain model of restricted waters can be established. Taking the zhoushan luotou water area as an example, 19 different types of ship dynamic domain models are excavated. The results show that when both the type of own ship and target ship are cargo ship, the length of domain is the smallest, and when both the own ship and target ship are oil ship, the length of domain is the largest. The size of ship domain increases with the increases of ship length and speed, and the magnitude of the increase in the long axis is greater than those in the short axis. The ratio of ship domain length to ship length is not fixed, but decreases with the increase of ship length and speed, the greater the speed of the ship, the greater the decline of the ratio.