改革开放以来中国留美教育发展四十年综述

Review on the the Development of Chinese Overseas Students in America for 40 Years Since the Reform and Opening up

自1978年中国恢复向美国派遣留学人员以来,留美教育持续稳步发展。作为当代中国留学教育中最重要的组成部分,改革开放以来的留美教育具有三个特点:一是留美教育的发展与中美关系的变化互为影响;二是留美教育的发展深受中美留学政策的影响;三是留美教育的发展日趋大众化、低龄化、多元化和个性化,留学效益日益显现。同时,与留学其他国家的留学生群体相比,改革开放以来的留美生群体也具有三个特点:一是留美生的数量多、质量高、领域广;二是留美生深受美国文化的影响;三是留美生的成就高、影响大。伴随留美教育的持续发展、留美生人数的不断增多,二者与中美两国经济社会发展的互动关系越来越紧密。作为沟通中美文化的桥梁和纽带,留美教育和留美生群体已经成为推动两国关系持续、健康发展的一个重要动力。

since China resumed sending students to the United States in 1978, education has been developing steadily. As the most important component of education in the contemporary Chinese overseas education, it has three characteristics since the reform and opening up. The first is the development of Chinese overseas education and Sino-US relations influence between the two countries. The second is the education is deeply influenced by the policy of studying abroad.The third is that it is becoming more and more popular, diversified and individualized, and the benefits of studying abroad are becoming more and more obvious. At the same time, compared with the overseas students in other countries, there are three characteristics of the students in the United States：firstly, it is the large number of the students, its high quality and wide fields; Secondly, the students are deeply influenced by American culture. Thirdly, the students＇ achievements are high and the influence is great.With the continuous development of the education, and the student number is growing, the interaction in the economic and social development between the two countries is becoming increasingly close. As a bridge and link between China and the United States, the education and the United States have become an important driving force for the sustained and healthy development of bilateral relations.