青藏高原氮沉降研究现状及草地生态系统响应研究进展

Research progress on nitrogen deposition and grassland ecosystem response in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

为了解青藏高原氮沉降的时空差异特征及对高原生态系统的影响,对青藏高原不同区域大气活性氮沉降定量研究的相关结果进行总结分析,对大气活性氮沉降对草地生态系统的影响并与青藏高原现阶段相关研究进行综述与比较。研究表明:青藏高原氮沉降通量定量研究较少,且局限于短期监测或仅定量雨水活性氮含量,长期性的定点原位监测、大气活性氮的组成特征、城乡差异及变化趋势均未见报道;同时,大气氮沉降对青藏高原草地生态系统植物多样性的影响,植物化学计量特征变化趋势及物候相应等均报道较少,仅局限于现象的解释,并未对变化机理进行阐述。氮沉降作为全球变化的主要驱动因子,青藏高原氮沉降通量及其对生态环境的影响有待进一步加强。

In order to understand the characteristics of nitrogen deposition in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,references on atmospheric nitrogen deposition and its effect on the plateau ecosystem under the background of rapid economic development in Tibet region are reviewed.The results of previous atmospheric nitrogen deposition monitoring study in different areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are summarized.The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on grassland ecosystems are summarized and compared.The results show that：The quantitative analysis of nitrogen deposition fluxes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are relatively less,which are limited to short-term monitoring or only quantitative precipitation nitrogen content.Long-term situ monitoring,atmospheric reactive nitrogen composition characteristics,urban-rural differences and trends are still unknown;Plant diversity,plant stoichiometry and phenology under enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau grassland are still unclear,especially the mechanism is ambiguous.Nitrogen deposition,as one of the main driving factors of global change,and its impact on the ecological environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau needs to be further investigated.