我国农户退出生猪散养的影响因素研究——基于可持续生计分析框架

Investigation of the influencing factors on rural households' exit from backyard hog production:Based on framework of a sustainable livelihood approach

为理解我国养殖业结构调整中农户大量退出生猪散养这一突出现象,本研究尝试在经典可持续生计分析框架的基础上,提出局部生计系统、生计功能、生计依赖和生计突破等概念,构建农户退出生猪散养的分析框架,并将农户按照生计功能分为收入多样化户、猪肉自给户和风险防范户3类,同时利用农户调查数据展开实证研究。结果表明:退出现象表现为各类农户同时但不同程度的退出;不同类型农户退出的驱动因素可能不同,同一因素对不同类型农户退出的作用机制也可能不同;有利的地理和交通条件、户主低龄化、耕地资源短缺和非农就业等因素相互交织是收入多样化农户退出的主要原因;交通条件、非农务工、非农经营和总收入增长引起的消费偏好改变是猪肉自给农户退出的主要原因;生存风险显著降低是风险防范农户退出的主要原因。最后提出了应对农户退出生猪散养的政策建议。

In order to understand the phenomenon of rural households’ exiting from backyard hog production during the structure change of livestock industry,this study puts forward some concepts such as partial livelihood system,livelihood function,livelihood dependency and livelihood breakthrough,and constructs an analytical framework for farmers’ exit from backyard hog production on the basis of sustainable livelihoods framework.According to the livelihood function,the rural households are divided into 3 categories,which are income diversification,pork selfsufficiency and risk prevention.An empirical study is carried out by using rural household survey data.The results show that the phenomenon of exit is simultaneous but there are different degrees of exit among rural household types.The exit of different type of rural household is driven by distinct factors,and the same factor may affect different type of rural household differently.The overlap of favorable geographical and transportation conditions,the younger head age,the shortage of cultivated land resources and the non-agricultural employment are the main reasons for the exit of income diversification-orientated rural households.Change in pork consumption preferences is elicited by traffic conditions,non-farm work,non-agricultural business,and income growth.The pork consumption is the main reason for the exit of pork self-sufficient rural households.The significant reduction of survival hazard is the main reason for the exit of risk prevention-orientated rural households.In the end,policy suggestions for the farmers exit from the pig production are put forwarded.