云南景颇族与汉族农村居民吸烟和尼古丁依赖现状分析

Prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence among Jingpo and Han residents in rural areas of Yunnan province:a comparative study

目的对比分析云南省景颇族与汉族居民的吸烟和尼古丁依赖流行现状。方法于2015—2017年采用按比例概率抽样方法从云南省德宏州芒市1个景颇族聚集乡和宜良县1个汉族乡中随机抽取2 816名≥35岁常住居民进行面对面问卷调查。结果景颇族和汉族现在吸烟率和尼古丁依赖率分别为47.7%(652/1 367)和30.6%(433/1 449)、18.1%(248/1 367)和14.6%(211/1 449),且均是景颇族高于汉族(P<0.01)。景颇族和汉族均是男性的吸烟率和尼古丁依赖率高于女性(P<0.01),且景颇族女性的现在吸烟率明显高于汉族女性(23.2%,160/695和1.1%,10/728,P<0.01)。吸烟类型中景颇族和汉族均以吸食过滤嘴香烟为主(60.8%,392/645和70.5%,311/441),景颇族其次为嚼烟(27.9%,180/645)和手卷烟(13.3%,86/645),而汉族为无过滤嘴香烟(17.5%,77/441)和水烟袋(17.5%,77/441)。景颇族与汉族的开始吸烟年龄和规律吸烟年龄均集中在12~20岁,且景颇族早于汉族(P<0.05)。结论云南省景颇族和汉族的吸烟率、尼古丁依赖率和吸烟习惯存在民族差异。应根据不同民族的特点开展健康教育工作和制定相应的烟草干预措施。

Objective To compare differences in prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence between Jingpo and Han residents in rural areas of Yunnan province. Methods Probability proportional to size（PPS） sampling method was used to select representative samples of Jingpo and Han residents aged ≥ 35 years and residing in two towns mainly inhabited by Jingpo and Han population in Mangshi municipality of Dehong prefecture and Yiliang county of Kunming municipality,Yunnan province. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 816 participants between 2015 and 2017.Results The overall prevalence rate of current smoking and nicotine dependence were 47.7% and 18.1% for the 1 367 Jingpo participants and 30.6% and 14.6% for the 1 449 Han participants, with significant differences in the rates between Jingpo and Han participants（both P〈0.01）. The prevalence rates of current smoking and nicotine addiction were higher among the males than among the females in both Jingpo and Han participants（P〈0.01） and the prevalence rate of current smoking was significantly higher for the Jingpo than for the Han among the female participants（23.2% vs. 1.1%, P〈0.01）.Filtered cigarette was a main type of tobacco consumed by 60.8% and 70.5% of Jingpo and Han smokers; 27.9% and 13.3%of the Jingpo smokers reported the consumption of chewing tobacco and self-rolled cigarette; while, 17.5% and 17.5% of the Han smokers reported the consumption of non-filtered cigarettes and hookah. For all the smokers the majority had their smoking attempts and regular smoking at the ages of 12 – 20 years and the Jingpo smokers begun to smoke at early ages than the Han smokers（P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are differences in the prevalence rate of smoking and nicotine dependence between Jingpo and Han residents in Yunnan province. Future intervention measures concerning smoking control and prevention should be implemented based on the characteristics of various ethnic populations.