男性吸烟者吸烟利弊权衡及其与戒烟意向关系

Relationship between smoking decisional balance and intention to quit smoking among male smokers

目的探讨男性吸烟者吸烟利弊的权衡及其与戒烟意向的关系,为促进男性吸烟者采取戒烟行动和改善戒烟效果的干预提供理论依据。方法于2016年3—4月通过网络招募自愿参加调查的326名男性吸烟者进行问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学资料与吸烟情况问卷、尼古丁依赖评估量表、戒烟意向问卷和吸烟利弊决策量表。结果男性吸烟者感知吸烟益处和吸烟危害得分分别为(2.82±0.66)和(3.09±0.61)分,感知吸烟益处得分低于吸烟危害得分(t=6.37,P<0.001);326名男性吸烟者中,有60.74%的人感知到吸烟的危害程度高于吸烟益处,有27.61%的人感知的吸烟危害程度低于吸烟益处,有11.66%的人吸烟危害和益处感知程度相等。男性吸烟者戒烟意愿和戒烟计划得分分别为(3.17±1.11)和(2.42±1.55)分,戒烟意愿得分高于戒烟计划得分(t=9.10,P<0.001);相关分析结果显示,男性吸烟者吸烟利弊权衡与戒烟意愿、戒烟计划均呈负相关(r=–0.39、–0.24,均P<0.001);多层次线性回归分析结果表明,男性吸烟者吸烟利弊权衡对戒烟意愿和戒烟计划均具有负向预测作用。结论男性吸烟者对吸烟的态度表现为既爱又恨,其戒烟意向往往处于高意愿低计划的状态;吸烟利弊权衡是其戒烟意向的重要预测因素。

Objective To investigate the relationship between smoking decisional balance and intention to quit smoking among male smokers, and to promote implementation and efficiency of smoking cessation in male smokers. Methods We recruited 326 male smokers who volunteered to participate a questionnaire survey via network from March to April 2016.General Demographic Information and Smoking Questionnaire, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Intention to Quit Smoking Questionnaire, and Decisional Balance Scale were adopted in the survey. Results The score of perceived smoking benefits（2.82 ±.66） was significantly lower than that of perceived smoking hazards（3.09 ±.61）（t = 6.37, P〈0.001）. There were 60.74% of the participants reporting a higher level of perceived smoking hazards than that of perceived smoking benefits, 27.61% reporting a lower level of perceived smoking hazards than that of benefits, and 11.66% reporting equal levels of perceived smoking hazards and benefits. The score of willingness to quit smoking was higher than that of planning to quit smoking（3.17 ± 1.11 vs. 2.42 ± 1.55; t = 9.10, P〈0.001）. The smoking decisional balance was negatively correlated with willingness to quit smoking and planning to quit smoking（r = – 0.39 and – 0.24, P〈0.001）. The smoking decisional balance showed a negatively predictive effect on willingness to quit smoking and planning to quit smoking. Conclusion The attitude towards smoking is ambivalent and the intention to quit smoking is often in a state of high willingness but low planning among male smokers. Smoking decisional balance is an important predictor of intention to quit smoking in the male smokers.