中国婴幼儿生长迟缓患病现况及与喂养行为关系

Prevalence of stunting and its relationship with feeding behaviors among infants and young children in China

目的了解中国6~24月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓情况及喂养行为对其的影响。方法利用2013年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,共得到10 084名6~24月龄婴幼儿体测数据及喂养行为现状,计算获得年龄别身长(HAZ),分析各喂养行为与HAZ之间的相关性。结果 2013年中国6~24月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率为7.17%,男童(8.87%)高于女童(5.35%);家庭年人均收入较高和母亲学历较高者婴幼儿生长迟缓发生率较低;大城市、中小城市、非贫困县和贫困县生长迟缓发生率分别为2.83%、5.33%、7.66%和14.36%,呈依次增加趋势;各组之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,影响6~24月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓的主要喂养行为因素为过去1周各类食物摄入频次。结论中国6~24月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓患病状况在贫困农村依然呈较高水平,而喂养行为是否科学直接影响婴幼儿的生长发育状况。建议倡导科学喂养,尤其应重视婴幼儿的辅食添加质量。

Objective To examine the prevalence of stunting and the effect of feeding behavior on the prevalence among6 – 24 months old children in China. Methods We extracted the data on 10 084 children aged 6 – 24 months from the dataset of Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance conducted in 2013; then we calculated height-for-age Z-score（HAZ） for all the children and analyzed the association of feeding behavior with the HAZ of among the children. Results The stunting prevalence rate was 7.17% for all the children in 2013 and the rate of the boys was higher than that of the girls（8.87% vs.5.35%）. The children with higher familial annual income per capita and maternal education level had a lower stunting prevalence rate compared to other children. The stunting prevalence rate was 2.83%, 5.33%, 7.66%, and 14.36% for the children in large cities, small and medium-sized cities, non-poverty counties, and poverty counties, respectively, and there was a significant disparity in the stunting prevalence rate among the children living in different regions（P〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the intake frequency of various kinds of food during latest one week was a main factor for stunting among the children. Conclusion The prevalence rate of stunting remains high among the infants and young children aged 6 – 24 months in poverty rural areas in China and feeding behavior can affect the growth and development of the children directly. The results suggest that scientific feeding should be promoted in the children and special concern should be paid to the quantity and quality of complementary food supplementation.