1909年北京学界公宴伯希和事件补考——兼论王国维与早期敦煌学

The 1909 Event of the Beijing Academia Banquet for Paul Pelliot:With a Discussion on Wang Guowei and the Early Stage of Dunhuang Studies

1909年北京学界于六国饭店公宴伯希和是早期敦煌学史上的一桩标志性事件,学者们对此多有考订。根据新公布的《江瀚日记》影印本,可确认公宴时间为1909年10月4日,另外此次公宴的参会人员有18人,包括王国维,此日记为考察王国维与早期敦煌学之间的学术因缘提供了珍贵史料。此次公宴原本具有双重意图,既有对外联络西方学者、推动敦煌文献刊布的目的,也有对内促成学部、京师大学堂的主事官员同意购买、保存劫余敦煌写卷的用意。

The event of the Beijing academia banquet for Paul Pelliot in 1909 is a landmark in the history of early Dunhuang Studies. The first man who discloses the list of scholars attending the banquet is Tanaka Keitaro, a Japanese bookseller. His diaries are the first hand literature in historical studies. Diary of Jiang Han released records of the event of the Beijing academia banquet for Paul Pelliot. The exact time is October 4th, 1909. It can be further confirmed that the date of the September 4th Tanaka Keitaro recording is wrong. It is especially valuable that Diary of Jiang Han records 18 people at the banquet. This is the largest number of records found so far and provides an important material for reexamining the nature and significance of the event from the perspective of the academic history. The foreign scholars who attended the banquet and were recorded by Diary of Jiang Han were the French Paul Pellio, and the American Fredrick McCormick. Dong Kang made academic contact with a stranger Paul Pelliot through the introduction of Fredrick McCormick. Investigating the identity of Chinese scholars attending the banquet, they were all incumbency officials from the Imperial Educational Ministry, the Imperial University of Peking and the Dali Court. The high officials from the Imperial Educational Ministry played an irreplaceable practical role in the banquet. The original intention of the banquet had a double purposes, one was to contact Western scholars to promote the publication of Dunhuang Literature, the other was to push the high officials from the Imperial Educational Ministry and the Imperial University of Peking to buy and protect Dunhuang Literature. The banquet not only succeeded in achieving the above goals, but also greatly improved the influence of Dunhuang Literature on the Chinese academia. This event directly promoted the rise of early Dunhuang Studies. Over all, Dong Kang and Luo Zhenyu played an important role in a series of activities before and after the banquet. They made a lot of efforts which had been fully recognized by the academia of Beijing, so they were elected to contact Paul Pelliot. They established a good connection with Paul Pelliot and laid the foundation for long-term cooperation. In addition, the most noticeable person attending the banquet was Wang Guowei. Diary of Jiang Han provides precious historical materials to the research of academic connections between Wang Guowei and the early Dunbuang Studies. Wang Guowei was an interpreter of the Imperial Educational Ministry. He met Paul Pelliot and attended the banquet through of help of Luo Zhenyu and Jiang Fu. Although Wang Guowei focused his studies on Ci and Qu, he laid the foundation for Dunhuang Studies and greatly deepened his understanding of Dunhuang Literature by assisting Luo Zhenyu in editing related books.