俄罗斯文学“莫斯科文本”的代码系统研究

A Study On the Code System of “Moscow Text” in Russian Literature

本文认为,俄罗斯文学"莫斯科文本"不仅可以作为作家们创建的艺术时空来理解,也可以作为活的现实,它是具有莫斯科生活体验的莫斯科作家的生存环境,表征着莫斯科的文化属性,尤其是作为与彼得堡相对立的文化属性的存在。作为一个开放的符号系统,俄罗斯文学"莫斯科文本"在其"前文本"的基础上,正在不断夯实、完善这一文本的符号学代码,逐渐形成了尽管"结构松散"却也"自成一格",并与"彼得堡文本"互为存在、相互协同、对位潜移的文本机制。"莫斯科文本"所表现的问题不仅是历史范畴的,也是理论范畴的。它们在城市书写的概念形态、城市神话、城市空间区位、城市时空特征、形象系统中,包含了一些恒定因素,形成了一系列颇有共性的集合文本,即超文本系统。这一系统中的所有话语单元都指向俄罗斯思想中的"莫斯科问题",各个符号学参量的不同组合,既构成这一文本的再生机制,也成为对于这一文本的解码锁钥。

In this paper, the author points out that ＂Moscow Text＂ in Russian literature can not only be understood as the artistic time and space created by the writers, but also as a living reality. It is the environment of a life experience of the Moscow writers, representing the cultural attributes of Moscow, especially as a cultural attribute opposed to the existence of St. Petersburg. As an opening code system, ＂Moscow text＂ in Russian literature is constantly tamping and perfecting the semiotic code of this text on the basis of its ＂former text＂ . Moscow text gradually formed a text mechanism which is ＂loose in structure＂ but ＂self-contained＂, and is of mutual existence, mutual cooperation, and counterposition subsurface with ＂Petersburg text ＂ . The problem of ＂Moscow text＂ is not only historical but also theoretical. It contains some constant factors, such as the concept form, city myth, city spatial location, city spatial and temporal characteristics, image system of urban writing, and so on, thus forming a series of common collective texts, namely hypertext system. All the utterance units in this system point to the ＂Moscow problem＂ in the Russian thought. Different combinations of various semiotic parameters form the regeneration mechanism of this text and become the key to decoding the text.