改革开放以来我国农村基本经营制度的变迁

The Dynamics of Land Tenure System in Rural China since the Reform and Opening-up

改革开放40年来,我国农业发展成就巨大,这与我国农村坚持土地集体所有、农民家庭承包经营的基本经营制度关系密切。农村的这一基本经营制度的优势在于保持了成员权逻辑和财产权逻辑的平衡;土地"三权分置"制度的创新之处在于所有者权利的细分与分享;放活土地经营权不等于把经营权物权化;完善农村基本经营制度,应更多地回应农民的诉求和农业发展的需要。

Fundamental management systems of collective ownership of rural land and the household contract are the most important parts that contribute to the remarkable achievements in agriculture development during the last 40 years since the reform and opening-up. The core advantage of the fundamental management systems is that it manages to strike a balance between membership rights and property rights. The sharing and partitioning of the collective ownership rights are the innovation of separating rural collective land ownership rights, member＇s contract rights, and user＇s rights. Invigorating land user＇s right does not mean fixing it as a kind of property right. To improve the fundamental management system, the demands of people in rural areas and agriculture developments should be responded more actively.