黑果枸杞和宁夏枸杞的多倍体诱导和鉴定

Polyploidy Induction and Identification of Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum

为了获得黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)和宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的多倍体,本研究分别以这两种植物的种子为原材料,用不同浓度的秋水仙素在不同时间下进行处理。通过茎尖染色体压片法、流式细胞法、叶片下表皮气孔观察法进行鉴定。结果表明:黑果枸杞对秋水仙素的耐性高,而宁夏枸杞的耐秋水仙素性和诱导率更高。黑果枸杞种子在秋水仙素浓度0.1%,处理36 h的条件下诱导率最高,为25%;宁夏枸杞种子在秋水仙素浓度0.1%,处理48 h的条件下诱导率最高,诱导率为33.33%。通过叶片下表皮气孔及保卫细胞大小确定植株倍性实验发现,当黑果枸杞平均保卫细胞长度达到102.07μm左右,宁夏枸杞平均保卫细胞长度达到71.33μm左右时,植株为四倍体的可能性大。该研究为获得大量黑果枸杞和宁夏枸杞多倍体育种材料提供了方法,并通过叶片下表皮气孔观察的方法提高了多倍体鉴定的效率,为进一步选育优良的枸杞新品种提供了新的材料和方法。

In order to obtain the polyploidy in Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum,the seeds of these two cultivars were treated with different concentrations of colchicine at different time.Stomatal size and density,chromosome counting and flow cytometry were used for identification of the plants generated under the treatment of colchicine.The results showed that Lycium ruthenicum had higher tolerance rate to colchicine,while Lycium barbarum had higher mutation rate.The seeds of Lycium ruthenicum treated with 0.2% colchicine for 36 hours had the highest mutation rate of 25%; and the seeds of Lycium barbarum treated with 0.1% colchicine for 48 hours had the highest mutation rate of 33.33%.The results of observation of stomatal size and density showed that when the average length of stomata guard cell in Lycium ruthenicum reached about 102.07 μm,the average length of stomata guard cell in Lycium barbarum reached about 71.33 μm,indicating that there was a great possibility that the plants were tetraploids.This study provided a method for obtaining large numbers of polyploid breeding materials of Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum.Also,the efficiency of polyploidy identification was improved through the observation of stomata on the lower epidermis of leaves,which provided new materials and methods for further breeding new varieties of Lycium barbarum.