安徽省巢湖流域众兴水库小流域农业面源污染调查与评价

Investigation and Evaluation of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Zhongxing Reservoir Small Watershed of Chaohu Lake Basin,Anhui Province

[目的]对安徽省巢湖流域众兴水库小流域农业面源污染情况进行调查分析和评价,了解该地区农业面源污染的现状和特征,以期为制定针对性防控措施提供参考依据。[方法]应用等标污染负荷法,通过问卷调查形式对巢湖流域众兴水库小流域内进行实地的走访调研,对水库周边3个村域的种植、养殖及人居面源污染进行分类调查和核算分析。[结果](1)众兴水库项目区周边3个村落面源污染排放源中,养殖业污染物的排放量和污负荷率最大,污染物排放量达到109.00t,污负荷率最大为57.52%;种植业化肥施用带来的面源污染物总量达25.52t,负荷率为13.47%。生活污染源污染负荷为29.01%,污染物总量达到54.97t。(2)在化学需氧量(COD),TN,TP这3个评价因子中,以COD的污染负荷率最高,达74.26%;TN污染负荷率为21.13%;TP的污染负荷率为4.61%。[结论]小流域内养殖业的污染物排放是威胁众兴水库水源地饮用水安全的主要构成因子,也是农业面源污染防控的重点。

[Objective]The investigation and evaluation of agricultural non-point source pollution in small watershed of Zhongxing Reservoir of Chaohu Lake basin,Anhui Province,were conducted to understand the status quo and characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in this area and to provide reference for the pollution prevention and control measures.[Methods]Using standard pollution load method,the pollution status in the Chaohu Lake basin,Zhongxing Reservoir small watershed was investigated by questionnaires method and measured whereafter.The non-point pollutions sourced from cultivation,breeding and human living of three villages around the reservoir,were classified and accounted.[Results]（1） The pollution and pollutant discharge rate of aquaculture industry was the largest in the three villages around the Xingxing Reservoir project area.The pollutant discharge reached to 109.00 t,the maximum pollution load rate was 57.52% .The pollutant amount from planting industry fertilization was up to 25.52 t,had a load rate of 13.47% .The pollution load of human living was 29.01% ,and the total amount of pollutants was 54.97 t.（2） For the three evaluation factors of chemical oxygen demand（COD）,TN and TP,they had the pollution load rates 74.26% ,21.13% ,and 4.61% ,respectively.[Conclusion]The discharge of pollutants in aquaculture in small watershed is the main influence factor for drinking water safety in Zhongxing reservoir water source,and it should be focused in agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control.