长江上游地区土地利用格局时空演变——以四川省宜宾市为例

Spatial-temporal Change of Land-use Pattern in Upper Region of Yangtze River——A Case Study in Yibin City of Sichuan Province

[目的]以四川省宜宾市为例,定量分析长江上游地区土地利用格局时空演变状况,为该区及类似区域的土地资源利用与开发以及生态安全评价提供参考与借鉴。[方法]综合利用GIS和景观生态学方法,以宜宾市2010,2015年地理国情监测数据为基础,分析宜宾市的土地利用时空变化及其对景观格局响应。[结果]宜宾市整体景观格局以耕地和林地为基质,其他景观镶嵌在其中。2010—2015年宜宾市土地利用格局总体变化明显,各类景观要素的相互转移比较频繁,研究区各类景观要素的形状复杂度、破碎化程度和聚集度等特征存在明显的差异性,基于景观要素的格局变化趋势,发现房屋建筑区、道路、水域的稳定性增强,而其他景观要素的稳定性下降。受城镇化建设和农业生产活动的影响,研究区整体景观格局向着均匀化方向发展,景观破碎化程度加深;同时,受垂直地带性的影响,海拔越高,景观破碎化程度越低、斑块形状越简单、景观优势度越大。[结论]今后对该地区的生态保护与城镇规划应结合土地利用格局与地区优势,分区治理,分区建设。减少生态功能区内人类活动,加强水源涵养功能保持和长江上游生态屏障建设;沿江重点开发区域,加强城市空间开发利用管制,促进该区域的可持续性发展。

[Objective]On the basis of national geographical conditions monitoring data in Yibin City of Sichuan Province in 2010 and 2015,this paper analyzed land use dynamic and its landscape response by method of GIS and landscape ecology,aimed to provide reference for local land use and exploitation,and ecological security.[Methods]GIS and landscape methods were used.[Results]The results showed that the cultivated land and forest land composed the background of land use type in the studied area,and other landscapes distributed fragmentally among them.The land use pattern of this area had been changed conspicuously from 2010 to 2015,and landscape types converted into each other frequently.The shape complexity,fragmentation and aggregation were remarkable diverse for each landscape components in the studied area.From change pattern for each landscape component,it had been found that the stabilities of buildings,roads and water had been enhanced,while that of other components had been weakened.Because of urban construction andactivity of agricultural production,the whole landscape had been distributed evenly in the direction toward the development of landscape,and fragmentation had been enhanced.Influenced by vertical zonality,the higher elevation was,the lower fragmentation of landscape;the simpler the shape of patches and the greater the dominance of landscape were.[Conclusion]In the future,the ecological protection and urban planning in this area should be combined with land use pattern and regional advantages,be governed and constructed by various ways for different regions.It should be reduced for the human activity in the ecological functional area,strengthen the conservation of water conservation function and the construction of the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.In the key development zone along the rivers,it should be regulated for the development and utilization of urban space,so as to promote the sustainable development of this area.